Final answer:
Malnutrition can lead to compromised immune function, nutrient deficiency diseases, and impaired growth and development. While malnutrition typically slows metabolism, it can paradoxically lead to obesity in cases of overnutrition, and it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, not decreases it.
Step-by-step explanation:
Health Challenges Posed by Malnutrition
Malnourishment is a significant global issue that can lead to various health challenges. One such challenge is compromised immune function, which makes the body more susceptible to infections and diseases. Malnourishment can lead to a decrease in essential vitamins and minerals, resulting in deficiencies and associated diseases. For example, a lack of Vitamin C can cause scurvy, while insufficient Vitamin D may lead to rickets. In addition to immune-related issues, malnutrition can also lead to impaired growth and development, especially in children, manifesting as stunting or wasting.
The notion that malnutrition could lead to an increased risk of obesity might seem paradoxical, but in the context of overnutrition, excessive intake of calories, often with poor nutrient density, can indeed lead to obesity. However, in the context of undernutrition, individuals are more likely to suffer from being underweight.
Contrary to increasing metabolic rate, malnourishment often slows down metabolism as the body attempts to conserve energy. Similarly, malnutrition does not decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases; it can actually increase the risk, especially when associated with a deficiency in essential heart-healthy nutrients.