Final answer:
The primary difference between mineral soil and organic soil lies in their composition; mineral soil is composed mostly of weathered rock inorganic particles, while organic soil is composed of decaying organic matter. Organic matter aids in water and nutrient retention, contributing to soil fertility, which is critical for both types of soil.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main differences between a mineral soil and an organic soil are based on their composition and properties. Mineral soils are primarily made up of inorganic particles that result from the weathering of rocks, while organic soils consist mostly of decomposed plant and animal matter, also known as humus. This organic material enriches the soil with nutrients and improves its structure, aiding in water and mineral retention. On the other hand, mineral soils are more common in terrestrial ecosystems and their fertility is influenced by the presence of organic matter within them. Additionally, organic soils typically have better water retention and drainage due to their organic components, which contradicts the claim that organic soils have poor drainage. The claim that mineral soils have higher fertility than organic soils due to organic matter is also contradictory, as it is the organic content in soils that primarily contributes to fertility, irrespective of the soil type.