Final answer:
The correct answer is option d) All of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
Quine demonstrated alignment with pragmatism in several respects in his philosophical beliefs and ideas.
Firstly, he evaluated theories based on their practical application, emphasizing the importance of testing ideas in human experiences.
Secondly, he viewed science as an extension of common sense, suggesting that scientific theories should align with our everyday observations and experiences.
Lastly, Quine acknowledged the utility of mathematics as a support for empirical science, recognizing its role in providing a framework for understanding empirical phenomena.