Final answer:
Nineteenth-century governments and reformers tried to prevent the spread of disease in industrial cities through improved sanitation and public health policies, such as creating sewer systems and regulating housing conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the nineteenth century, governments and reformers implemented various measures to prevent the spread of disease in industrial cities. One of the key approaches was by improving sanitation and implementing public health policies. This involved creating sewer systems regulating the dumping of sewage and outlawing dangers in housing such as apartments without windows or ventilation.