Final answer:
The negative effects of the fur trade on Indigenous peoples include the spread of European diseases, increased warfare with European weapons, and exploitation of labor and resources.
Step-by-step explanation:
What negative effect did the fur trade have on Indigenous peoples? The correct answer is (d) All of the above.
The fur trade had multiple negative impacts on Indigenous peoples, including the spread of European diseases, which Indigenous populations had no immunity to, resulting in catastrophic death tolls. Traditional Indigenous ways of life were disrupted, leading to increased warfare among different groups partly due to the new European weapons making conflicts more deadly. Additionally, there was an exploitation of Indigenous labor and resources, as Europeans sought to profit from the fur and other trades, often leaving Indigenous communities in debt or deprived of the natural resources on which they had traditionally depended.