Final answer:
The Safavid Empire's territorial expansion brought them into conflict with the Ottoman Empire, the Uzbeks, and the Mughal Empire.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Safavids were in continuous conflict with several other empires due to their goals of territorial expansion. Their expansionist endeavors brought them into conflict with the Ottoman Empire, notably with Sultan Selim I, who invaded Iranian Azerbaijan in an attempt to quash the Safavid power base. This conflict was deeply intertwined with the religious schism between the Sunni Ottomans and the Shi'ite Safavids, further fueled by the Safavids' introduction of Shi'ism as the state religion in predominantly Sunni regions.
Additionally, the Safavids faced conflict with the Uzbeks, especially with the rulers of the Khanate of Bukhara, as reflected in the dynamic and often contentious border zones. To the southeast, the Safavid's push for influence also brought them into indirect conflict with the Mughal Empire, although this rivalry was less direct compared to the immediate challenges faced from the Ottomans and Uzbeks.
Using the available information, we can conclude that the territorial conflicts of the Safavid Empire engaged them with (d) All of the above: the Ottoman Empire, the Uzbeks, and the Mughal Empire, all of whom were formidable powers in their time and regions.