Question

How was the public sphere of the Enlightenment influenced by earlier developments in the Islamic world?

(a) The concept of a public sphere where ideas could be freely exchanged was borrowed from Islamic scholars.
(b) The use of coffeehouses as centers of intellectual discussion was inspired by Islamic traditions.
(c) The Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and critical thinking was influenced by Islamic philosophy.
(d) All of the above

Answer 1

The public sphere of the Enlightenment was influenced by earlier developments in the Islamic world in various ways such as borrowing the concept of a public sphere and being inspired by Islamic traditions. It was also influenced by Islamic philosophy, which emphasized reason and critical thinking.

Step-by-step explanation:

The public sphere of the Enlightenment was influenced by earlier developments in the Islamic world in a variety of ways. The concept of a public sphere where ideas could be freely exchanged was borrowed from Islamic scholars. The use of coffeehouses as centers of intellectual discussion was inspired by Islamic traditions. Additionally, the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason and critical thinking was influenced by Islamic philosophy. Therefore, the answer is (d) All of the above.