Question

Ferns are simultaneously involved in promoting rock weathering, while preventing soil erosion. Explain how a single plant can perform both these functions, and how these functions are beneficial to its ecosystem.

a) The fern's roots produce acids that break down rocks; its leaves prevent soil erosion by providing ground cover.
b) The fern's leaves trap soil particles, while its roots absorb excess water to prevent erosion.
c) The fern's leaves absorb water, facilitating rock weathering, while its extensive root system holds soil in place.
d) The fern's roots decompose rocks; its leaves absorb water to prevent soil erosion.

Answer 1

Ferns perform both rock weathering and soil erosion prevention through their roots and leaves. The fern's roots produce acids that break down rocks, promoting rock weathering. Meanwhile, the fern's leaves prevent soil erosion by providing ground cover. These functions are beneficial to the ecosystem as they promote the formation of fertile soil and prevent the loss of valuable topsoil, leading to increased biodiversity and ecosystem stability.

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct answer is a) The fern's roots produce acids that break down rocks; its leaves prevent soil erosion by providing ground cover. Ferns are able to perform both of these functions because of the different structures and adaptations of their roots and leaves.

The fern's roots produce chemicals, such as organic acids, that can break down rocks through a process called chemical weathering. This helps in promoting rock weathering. By breaking down rocks, these chemicals release essential minerals that contribute to the formation of soil. At the same time, the broad and dense leaves of ferns provide ground cover, preventing soil erosion by shielding the soil from the impact of rainfall and wind. The leaves act as a protective layer and hold the soil in place, preventing it from being washed away by water or blown away by wind.

These functions are beneficial to the ecosystem in several ways. By promoting rock weathering, ferns contribute to the formation of fertile soil. This fertile soil supports the growth of other plants, leading to increased biodiversity. Additionally, the prevention of soil erosion helps in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem and prevents the loss of valuable topsoil, which is rich in nutrients and essential for plant growth. Overall, ferns play a crucial role in maintaining the health and productivity of ecosystems.