Final answer:
Paramecium differs from the last eukaryotic common ancestor by featuring highly organized cilia for movement and feeding, as well as having a pellicle and oral groove for ingestion, which are advanced traits compared to the primitive eukaryotic characteristics.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two ways in which Paramecium differs from the projected traits of the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) areThe presence of cilia used for locomotion and feeding. While the ancestral cytoskeletal system included the ability to make cilia/flagella, the organized use of cilia for complex functions in Paramecium differs from the more general presence of these structures in primitive eukaryotes.The presence of a specialized structure called a pellicle, as well as the use of an oral groove for ingestion. The LECA might have had a cell wall, but Paramecium's pellicle and oral groove represent more derived characteristics not attributed to the LECA.
Additionally, Paramecium has two nuclei, a macronucleus for asexual reproduction and biological functions, and a micronucleus for sexual reproduction, which is not a trait typically used to describe the LECA's cellular structure.Presence of cilia: Paramecium has numerous cilia that aid in locomotion as well as feeding. The cilia are used to create coordinated movements and capture food particles.Presence of a contractile vacuole: Paramecium uses contractile vacuoles to regulate water balance in its cell. These vacuoles fill with water as it enters the cell by osmosis and then contract to squeeze water out.