Question

The adrenal medulla secretes two types of hormones. Identify what is secreted and describe their functions.

a) Adrenaline and norepinephrine; they increase heart rate and prepare the body for stress.
b) Cortisol and aldosterone; they regulate blood glucose levels and sodium balance.
c) Insulin and glucagon; they control blood sugar levels.
d) Melatonin and serotonin; they regulate sleep-wake cycles and mood.

Answer 1

The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones that spike heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and glucose levels to prepare the body for a rapid response to stress.

Step-by-step explanation:

The adrenal medulla secretes two hormones which are integral to the body's response to stress. These hormones are epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). The primary function of these hormones is to prepare the body for 'fight-or-flight' situations. They increase heart rate, breathing rate, cardiac muscle contractions, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels. Additionally, they facilitate the conversion of glycogen to glucose in the liver and muscles, thereby increasing blood glucose levels to provide quick energy to the body. They also alter blood flow, directing it away from non-essential organs to vital ones such as the brain, heart, and muscles.