Final answer:
Gene sequencing methods have distinct applications and processes, with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) allowing for high-throughput sequencing of entire genomes and Sanger sequencing being more accurate for smaller DNA sequences. PCR is used for amplifying DNA, not sequencing. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is the correct answer identifying differences in sequencing methods.
Step-by-step explanation:
Comparing Gene Sequencing Methods
Gene sequencing is fundamental for understanding the genetic information in organisms. When comparing methods like Sanger sequencing, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), it's crucial to recognize that each has its distinct application and methodology. Sanger sequencing, also known as the chain termination method, is a reliable and accurate technique that sequences DNA one strand at a time; however, it's time-consuming and more suitable for smaller DNA sequences.
Next-Generation Sequencing, in contrast, involves cutting DNA into random fragments, then sequencing these fragments using chain termination or syntheses and assembling overlapping sequences. Since 2005, NGS techniques have drastically reduced the cost of DNA sequencing and increased speed, making the sequencing of entire genomes more accessible and commonplace.
Lastly, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is not a sequencing technique but a method to amplify specific DNA segments before sequencing. It’s used in conjunction with sequencing methods like Sanger and NGS to increase the quantity of DNA available for analysis.
Therefore, the correct answer identifying and mapping out differences in sequencing methods from the provided options would be (b) Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), as it encompasses the advanced, rapid, and high-throughput capabilities distinct from Sanger sequencing or PCR.