Final answer:
Stomata are responsible for gas exchange crucial for photosynthesis and transpiration in plants, while guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomata. Malfunctioning stomata or guard cells would disrupt these processes, affecting the plant's health and growth.
Step-by-step explanation:
Functions of Stomata and Guard Cells
The stomata are small pores on the surface of plant leaves that allow for gas exchange, aiding in the processes of photosynthesis and transpiration. Guard cells flank the stomatal pores and control their opening and closing through changes in their turgor, which is adjusted by osmotically taking in or losing water. This regulation is crucial for maintaining an appropriate balance of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and water vapor exchange with the environment.
Consequences of Malfunction
If stomata or guard cells do not function correctly, the plant would experience issues with both photosynthesis and transpiration. Without proper gas exchange, photosynthesis would be impeded, disrupting the plant's ability to create food. Additionally, transpiration, which is vital for nutrient uptake and temperature regulation, would be affected, leading to potential overheating and nutrient deficiencies.