Question

Which three processes lead to variation among offspring that have the same two parents?

a) Independent assortment
b) Random fertilization
c) Crossing over
d) All of the above

Answer 1

Independent assortment, random fertilization, and crossing over are three processes that lead to variation among offspring with the same two parents.

Step-by-step explanation:

The three processes that lead to variation among offspring with the same two parents are:

1. Independent assortment: During meiosis, the random alignment and separation of homologous chromosomes into gametes lead to different combinations of traits.
2. Random fertilization: The chance union of any two gametes during fertilization results in unique genetic combinations in offspring.
3. Crossing over: This process occurs during meiosis when segments of homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, creating new gene combinations.