Question

A mutation within the promoter region can alter gene transcription. Describe how this can happen.

a) Mutations in the promoter region change the amino acid sequence of the gene product.
b) Mutations in the promoter region affect the stability of mRNA.
c) Mutations in the promoter region impact the binding of RNA polymerase.
d) Mutations in the promoter region modify the splicing of pre-mRNA.

Answer 1

Mutations in the promoter region can alter gene transcription by affecting the binding of RNA polymerase and transcription factors.

Correct option is c) Mutations in the promoter region impact the binding of RNA polymerase.

Step-by-step explanation:

Mutations in the promoter region of a gene can alter gene transcription in several ways. One way is that these mutations can impact the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region. The promoter region is a specific DNA sequence that RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to in order to initiate transcription. If a mutation occurs in the promoter region, it can change the sequence in a way that prevents RNA polymerase from binding effectively, leading to a decrease in gene transcription.

Another way mutations in the promoter region can alter gene transcription is by affecting the binding of transcription factors. Transcription factors are proteins that bind to the promoter region and play a role in regulating gene expression. Mutations in the promoter region can disrupt the binding sites for transcription factors, which can either increase or decrease the rate of gene transcription, depending on the specific mutation.