Question

Reproduction in sexually-reproducing organisms occurs when two sex cells, or gametes, fuse. In fish, this occurs when sperm swim through the water to find the ovum. In flowers, pollen is dispersed through the air and carried to another flower. Explain what evolutionary adaptations for reproduction occur in humans, based on the fact that we are land-based animals.

a) Development of specialized gills for water-based reproduction
b) Evolution of airborne sperm for mating
c) Increased parental care and internal fertilization
d) Evolution of wings for dispersing gametes

Answer 1

Humans have evolved increased parental care and internal fertilization as adaptations for reproduction. Unlike fish or plants, human fertilization occurs inside the body, providing a protective environment for embryos. Extended parental care after birth further ensures offspring survival and development.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the context of human reproduction, which is an example of sexual reproduction in land-based animals, several key evolutionary adaptations have emerged. Unlike aquatic animals like fish that release gametes into the water, or plants that utilize the air for pollen dispersion, humans exhibit increased parental care and internal fertilization. This adaptation ensures that the sperm and egg meet within the female body, providing a safer environment for the initial stages of development.

Additionally, humans and many other land-based animals have developed complex reproductive systems and behaviors to facilitate mating. This includes the evolution of external sexual characteristics, courtship rituals, and mechanisms such as the placenta to nurture the developing fetus. Parental care extends after birth, with humans providing extended care to their offspring, increasing the chances of survival and promoting the transfer of knowledge and skills.