Final answer:
In Mendel's dihybrid cross, the F1 generation has a 0% chance of yielding green, round seeds as all F1 offspring are round and yellow due to dominance. In the F2 generation, the probability of getting green, round seeds is 3/16.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Gregor Mendel conducted his experiments, he used pea plants with distinct traits. If we take a true-breeding pea plant with round, yellow seeds and another with green, wrinkled seeds, we are dealing with a dihybrid cross because two traits are considered: seed shape and color. To determine the probability of the F1 and F2 generations having green, round seeds, we apply Mendel's principles of dominance and independent assortment.
In the F1 generation, all offspring from a cross between a pure round yellow seeded plant (RRYY) and a pure green wrinkled seeded plant (rryy) will be heterozygous round yellow seeded plants (RrYy) due to dominance (round and yellow are dominant traits). So, there will be a 0% probability of offsprings having green, round seeds in the F1 generation.
For the F2 generation, we calculate the probability by considering independent assortment. Using a Punnett square or the product rule, for green round seeds, we take (3/4) probability for round seeds and (1/4) probability for green seeds and multiply them, resulting in a (3/4) × (1/4) = 3/16 probability.