Final answer:
During titration, the conductance of the solution can change due to the formation or consumption of ions resulting from the reaction. In acid-base titrations, the conductance increases as ions are formed from the acid-base reaction. In redox titrations, the conductance can change due to the formation or consumption of ions resulting from the oxidation and reduction reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
In both acid-base and redox titrations, the conductance of a solution can change. Conductance is a measure of how well a solution conducts electricity. During titration, the conductance of the solution can change because the concentration of ions in the solution is changing as the titrant is added. In acid-base titrations, the conductance increases as the solution becomes more conductive due to the formation of ions from the reaction between the acid and base. In redox titrations, the conductance can change due to the formation or consumption of ions resulting from the oxidation and reduction reactions.
Titrations involve the addition of a solution of known concentration (the titrant) to a solution of unknown concentration (the analyte). As the titrant is added, a chemical reaction occurs between the titrant and analyte, resulting in the formation of ions in the solution. These ions increase the conductance of the solution, as ions are charged particles that can carry an electric current. The change in conductance during titration can be measured using a conductance meter or an electrode.
For example, in an acid-base titration, when a strong acid is titrated with a strong base, the initial conductance of the solution is low because there are few ions present. As the base is added, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) increases, resulting in a higher conductance. The conductance reaches its maximum value at the equivalence point, where the acid and base have reacted completely. At this point, the conductance value is determined by the concentration of the resulting salt formed.
In a redox titration, the conductance can change due to the formation or consumption of ions resulting from the oxidation and reduction reactions. For example, in a titration between iodine and thiosulfate ions, the conductance decreases as iodine is being reduced to iodide ions and the thiosulfate ions are being oxidized to form tetrathionate ions. The change in conductance can be used to determine the equivalence point of the titration.