Final answer:
Isotopes are forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, affecting the mass number but not the atomic number. Neutrons may be removed due to radioactive decay, which occurs when the ratio of neutrons to protons becomes imbalanced. Stable isotopes do not have this issue and do not release harmful particles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Isotopes and Neutron Variation
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain different numbers of neutrons. This variation affects the mass number but not the atomic number. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons in an atom and distinguishes one element from another. To determine the number of neutrons in an atom, you subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
Reasons for Neutron Removal
Neutrons can be removed from an atom's nucleus due to radioactive decay. Atoms require a certain ratio of neutrons to protons to maintain stability. An imbalance can lead to an unstable, radioactive nucleus. Radioactive isotopes may release particles during decay, altering the number of neutrons and leading to the formation of different elements or isotopes.
Stability of Isotopes
Isotopes with too many or too few neutrons compared to protons are radioactive and will decay to a more stable form. Radioactive isotopes, such as carbon-14, can release harmful particles during decay. Stable isotopes like carbon-12 and carbon-13 do not undergo radioactive decay and maintain a stable number of neutrons.