Final answer:
A polyandrous mating system is where one female mates with many males (option c). It is observed in some species of birds and insects, contrasting with polygyny, which involves one male and multiple females. Monogamous relationships can offer greater parental care and offspring survival.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term polyandry comes from the Greek words for 'many' and 'man.' In biological terms, a polyandrous mating system is one in which a female mates with multiple males. This is in contrast to polygyny, where one male mates with multiple females.
The correct option from the provided choices would be (c) One female mates with many males. An example of a polyandrous mating system in nature is seen in certain species of birds and insects, where the female may mate with several males to ensure a diversified genetic contribution to her offspring or to gain access to the resources controlled by multiple males.
A known advantage of monogamous relationships in comparison to polyandrous systems is that having both parents available can provide increased assistance with protecting and feeding offspring, which can lead to a greater chance of survival for the offspring.