Final answer:
Specific immunity is another term for adaptive immunity, which is a targeted and learned response to specific pathogens. Vaccinations trigger this type of immunity, and it includes memory of past infections to prevent future illness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Another term for adaptive immunity is b) Specific immunity. Adaptive immunity is an acquired defense against foreign pathogens and is characterized by specificity and memory. This means that once the immune system is exposed to an antigen for the first time, it prepares a primary response, and subsequent exposures to the same antigen stimulate a faster and stronger secondary immune response. Vaccination triggers artificially acquired active immunity as it introduces an antigen to the body, prompting the adaptive immune system to respond and build memory for that specific pathogen. Components of the innate immune system such as natural killer cells and the complement system are not part of the adaptive immune system; instead, T cells and antibodies are. It is the adaptive immunity that responds in cases like when a patient recovers from a cold and later shows immune tolerance, preventing re-infection with the same cold virus.