Final answer:
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone released by the adrenal cortex as a long-term stress response, helping in glucose synthesis and inflammation control.
Step-by-step explanation:
In response to the question regarding which hormone is released as a long-term stress response, the answer is a) Cortisol.
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It plays a crucial role in the body's response to prolonged stress by regulating glucose synthesis and combating inflammation. Unlike cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine are involved in short-term stress reactions, typically associated with the fight-or-flight response. Cortisol helps in breaking down fat into fatty acids and its release into the bloodstream supports ATP production in times of stress. Its sustained high levels due to chronic stress can, however, weaken the immune system and contribute to health issues.