Final answer:
The result of insufficient amounts of mineral iodine in the body is a condition known as goiter (Option C). It is an enlarged thyroid gland, which can lead to hypothyroidism and other health issues like reduced fertility and preventable intellectual disabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Insufficient iodine in the body results in goiter. It is characterized by the enlargement of the thyroid gland due to the body's inability to produce sufficient levels of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 when iodine intake is inadequate.
The body then tries to compensate by producing more thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This condition often leads to hypothyroidism, with symptoms such as weight gain, sensitivity to cold, and diminished mental activity.
An iodine deficiency is a serious health concern and can result in impaired growth, development, and reduced fertility, and is the primary cause of preventable intellectual disabilities globally.
Hence, the correct answer is: Goiter (Option C).