Final answer:
The false statement about bioremediation is that it is only effective in aquatic ecosystems; in reality, it is a versatile technique used in various environments including terrestrial ones.
Step-by-step explanation:
The false statement about bioremediation among the provided options is (c) Bioremediation is only effective in aquatic ecosystems. Bioremediation is a waste management technique involving organisms such as plants, bacteria, and fungi to neutralize or remove pollutants, and it can be used in various ecosystems, including terrestrial environments, not just aquatic ones. The other options are true: (a) Bioremediation can involve the use of bacteria, fungi, and plants; (b) It is a sustainable and friendly approach to cleaning up pollution; and (d) The process can be used to treat oil spills and industrial waste.
Oil spills are a prominent example where bioremediation is applied successfully by using hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to break down the hydrocarbons into less harmful substances. Additionally, other contaminants such as heavy metals and agricultural chemicals can also be addressed using bioremediation techniques.
In summary, bioremediation not being effective in aquatic ecosystems only is a false statement and does not accurately represent the breadth of application for bioremediation processes, which also include terrestrial environments.