Final answer:
The DNA sequence 5'-ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3' is transcribed to mRNA sequence 5'-AUGGCCGGUUAUUAAGCA-3', and translated to the protein sequence Met-Ala-Gly-Leu-Lys-Ala. Single nucleotide changes can significantly impact protein structure and function by altering amino acids or introducing stop codons.
Step-by-step explanation:
To transcribe and translate the given DNA sequence (nontemplate strand), we need to determine the mRNA sequence first and then the corresponding protein sequence.
The DNA sequence given is 5'-ATGGCCGGTTATTAAGCA-3'. Transcription involves creating an mRNA strand from this DNA sequence, with the mRNA being complementary to the DNA's template strand. However, in this case, we are given the nontemplate ('coding' or 'sense') strand. So, the mRNA sequence will be identical to the DNA nontemplate strand, except that thymine (T) is replaced with uracil (U) in RNA.
The transcribed mRNA sequence from the given DNA nontemplate strand is 5'-AUGGCCGGUUAUUAAGCA-3'.
Next, we translate the mRNA sequence into a protein, employing the genetic code to determine each three-nucleotide codon's corresponding amino acid. The translation begins at a start codon AUG, which codes for Methionine (Met), and continues until a stop codon is reached.
The amino acid sequence is as follows: Met-Ala-Gly-Leu-Lys-Ala
Thus, the correct transcription and translation of the DNA sequence is:
Variations in the genetic code, such as single nucleotide changes, can result in altered amino acids or create a premature stop codon, drastically affecting the protein's structure and function.