Final answer:
To survive on land, plants have adapted features like the alternation of generations, apical meristem tissue, waxy cuticles, and lignified cell walls. These adaptations help plants manage desiccation, structural support, and reproductive challenges in a terrestrial environment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adaptations that allow plants to survive on land include several key features. First, the alternation of generations is crucial, with a sporophyte that forms spores and a gametophyte that produces gametes. This cycle helps protect reproductive cells from desiccation. Second, apical meristem tissue is found in roots and shoots, enabling vertical growth and access to sunlight. Third, many land plants develop a waxy cuticle which helps to prevent water loss. Finally, cell walls with lignin provide the necessary structural support for plants to grow upward and not be entirely ground-level, which is important for both light access and protection from herbivores.Other significant adaptations include drought-resistant features, extensive root systems for anchorage and water absorption, and various reproductive strategies to ensure gametes can unite without needing water as a medium. Additionally, seed dormancy allows plants to survive in harsh conditions until the environment becomes favorable again.
Plants have evolved various adaptations that allow them to survive on land. Some of these adaptations include: Drought resistance: Plants have extensive root systems that help them anchor themselves in the ground and access water from deep within the soil. Water-dependent reproduction: Many plants have developed adaptations to reproduce using water-dependent methods, such as through the production of flowers and fruits that attract animal pollinators. Structural support: To grow tall and maximize sunlight absorption, plants have evolved new structural chemicals in their stems and vascular systems to transport water and nutrients. Desiccation resistance: Plants have developed a waxy cuticle on their leaves to prevent excessive water loss and desiccation.