Final answer:
A human somatic cell is diploid and has 46 chromosomes, while a human gamete is haploid and has 23 chromosomes. Somatic cells undergo mitosis, while gametes undergo meiosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
A human somatic cell and a human gamete are two types of cells with distinct characteristics. Somatic cells are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes, and contain 46 chromosomes in total. On the other hand, gametes are haploid, meaning they have only one set of chromosomes, and contain 23 chromosomes in total. Additionally, somatic cells undergo mitosis for regular cell division, while gametes undergo meiosis for the production of sex cells.