Final answer:
Clostridium perfringens is primarily associated with the disease gangrene, specifically gas gangrene, as it is an obligate anaerobe that flourishes in oxygen-deprived, necrotic tissue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The disease most associated with Clostridium perfringens is gangrene, more specifically, gas gangrene. C. perfringens is an endospore-forming, gram-positive bacterium which is an obligate anaerobe that thrives in dead tissue, an environment devoid of oxygen. The infection starts in this necrotic tissue and can cause severe tissue damage. Although C. perfringens can also cause a foodborne illness known as Clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis, due to presenting mild symptoms like cramps and diarrhea, it is more seriously noted for its association with gas gangrene.