Final answer:
Tuberculosis does not involve a bacterial exotoxin, whereas tetanus, botulism, and cholera all involve exotoxins produced by their respective causative bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which of the following does not involve a bacterial exotoxin: tetanus, botulism, tuberculosis, or cholera. Tetanus and botulism both involve powerful neural exotoxins produced by Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum respectively. Cholera also involves an exotoxin, which is produced by Vibrio cholerae. However, tuberculosis does not involve an exotoxin; it's caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which does not produce an exotoxin like those associated with tetanus, botulism, or cholera. Therefore, the correct answer is tuberculosis.The disease that does NOT involve a bacterial exotoxin is tuberculosis (c).
Exotoxins are proteins secreted by bacteria that can cause damage to host cells. Tetanus (a), botulism (b), and cholera (d) all involve bacterial exotoxins.Tetanus is caused by the exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which results in muscle spasms and stiffness. Botulism is caused by the exotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and leads to paralysis. Cholera is caused by the exotoxin produced by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and causes severe diarrhea and dehydration.