Question

Which of the following combinations would most likely contribute to the development of a superinfection?

a) Short-term antibiotic use
b) Targeted antimicrobial therapy
c) Probiotic supplementation
d) Prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic use

Answer 1

Prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is most associated with the development of a superinfection because it disrupts the beneficial microbiota, allowing for the growth of resistant pathogens.

Step-by-step explanation:

The development of a superinfection is most likely when patients undergo prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Such antibiotics are non-selective, targeting a wide range of bacteria, including the beneficial microbiota that normally inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic organisms. When these protective bacteria are eliminated, opportunistic pathogens, such as yeast (causing candidiasis) or Clostridium difficile (leading to pseudomembranous colitis), can overgrow, causing superinfections. It is important to balance antimicrobial therapy to target the pathogens specifically, while preserving the beneficial microbiota to minimize the risk of superinfections.