Final answer:
Formaldehyde is the chemical disinfectant that methylates enzymes and nucleic acids and is known to be toxic and carcinogenic.
Correct option is a) Formaldehyde
Step-by-step explanation:
Formaldehyde is a potent chemical disinfectant that operates by methylating enzymes and nucleic acids. In its aqueous form, known as formalin, it typically contains approximately 37% formaldehyde by weight. This compound finds application in diverse fields, including the preservation of biological specimens, embalming of bodies, and as a disinfectant. Despite its effectiveness, formaldehyde is notorious for its toxic and carcinogenic nature, posing significant health risks. Consequently, its use has been curtailed in certain areas and applications, with safer alternatives gaining preference.
The adverse health effects associated with formaldehyde exposure have led to a shift towards more environmentally friendly and less hazardous disinfection methods, ensuring the protection of both human health and the environment.