Final answer:
Filamentous cyanobacteria typically reproduce through a process known as fragmentation, which is a form of asexual reproduction distinct from binary fission.
Step-by-step explanation:
Filamentous cyanobacteria often divide by a process called fragmentation. This is a method of asexual reproduction that is commonly observed in specific groups of bacteria. In contrast to binary fission, which is a more symmetrical and common type of cell division in prokaryotes, fragmentation involves the breaking apart of an organism to form new organisms. Particularly in cyanobacteria, new cells are often produced along a filament and may split from the parent structure to establish independent existence.