Final answer:
The loss of pressure in alveoli due to increased diameter in emphysema sufferers can be understood through the Law of Laplace. Factors such as surface tension, surfactant, and lung compliance are crucial for maintaining alveolar structure and function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The loss of pressure due to surface tension in the alveoli, particularly in individuals with emphysema, can be explained by the Law of Laplace, which states that the pressure inside a spherical droplet is inversely proportional to its radius.
Considering emphysema leads to an increase in alveolar diameter, the resulting decrease in pressure can impair the ability of the lungs to fully expel air during exhalation.
Normal surface tension in the alveoli and the difference in alveolar radii between healthy individuals and emphysema sufferers are important to calculate this pressure change.
Surface tension opposes alveolar expansion, and pulmonary surfactant reduces surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse. Additionally, lung compliance, which influences the lungs' capacity to stretch, plays a role in maintaining proper air flow and pressure within the alveoli.