Final answer:
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Sun is approximately 274 m/s^2. A person's weight would increase by about 28 times compared to their weight on Earth if they could hypothetically stand on the Sun.
Step-by-step explanation:
The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Sun can be calculated using Newton's law of gravitation, which is given by the formula g = G * (M/R^2), where G is the gravitational constant (6.67430 × 10^-11 m^3 kg^-1 s^-2), M is the mass of the Sun (approximately 1.989 × 10^30 kg), and R is the radius of the Sun (approximately 6.957 × 10^8 meters). Plugging in these values, we find that the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the Sun is approximately 274 m/s^2, which matches option b) in the given choices.
If a person could stand on the surface of the Sun, their weight would increase by a factor determined by the ratio of the Sun's gravity to Earth's gravity. Earth's gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s^2, so the increase in weight would be 274 / 9.81, which is about 28 times. However, it is important to note that standing on the Sun is a hypothetical scenario as the Sun does not have a solid surface and its immense heat and radiation would make it an impossible environment for a person to survive.