Final answer:
To calculate the concentrations of ions in a saturated solution, we can use the solubility product constants and the dissociation equations of the compounds. The concentrations of Ca2+, OH-, Ag+, S2-, Fe3+, and Pb2+ can be calculated using the given solubility product constants. The equations and calculations are provided in the answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a compound dissolves in water, it dissociates into its respective ions. The concentrations of these ions can be calculated using the solubility product, which is a measure of the extent to which a compound dissolves in water. In order to calculate the concentrations, we can use the solubility product constants (Ksp) from Appendix J.
(a) Calculation for Ca(OH)2:
Ca(OH)2(s) → Ca2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Ca2+][OH-]^2
Given the solubility product constant for Ca(OH)2 is 5.02 x 10^-5, we can solve for the concentrations of Ca2+ and OH-.
(b) Calculation for Ag2S:
Ag2S(s) → 2Ag+(aq) + S2-(aq)
Ksp = [Ag+]^2[S2-]
Given the solubility product constant for Ag2S is 8 x 10^-50, we can solve for the concentrations of Ag+ and S2-.
(c) Calculation for Fe(OH)3:
Fe(OH)3(s) → Fe3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq)
Ksp = [Fe3+][OH-]^3
Given the solubility product constant for Fe(OH)3 is 1.1 x 10^-39, we can solve for the concentrations of Fe3+ and OH-.
(d) Calculation for PbCl2:
PbCl2(s) → Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
Ksp = [Pb2+][Cl-]^2
Given the solubility product constant for PbCl2 is 1.6 x 10^-5, we can solve for the concentrations of Pb2+ and Cl-.