Final answer:
The electron transport systems in prokaryotes are found in the cytoplasmic membrane. In prokaryotic photosynthesis, hydrogen ions are pumped to the outside of the plasma membrane, establishing a proton gradient for ATP production.
Step-by-step explanation:
The location of the electron transport systems in prokaryotes is in the cytoplasmic membrane, also known as the plasma membrane. This differs from eukaryotic cells, where the electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Prokaryotes lack other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts, and thus all their respiration-related processes occur at the cellular membrane. The electron transport chain in prokaryotes is crucial for oxidative phosphorylation, which is the primary process of ATP (energy) production.
Regarding the direction in which hydrogen ions are pumped by the electron transport system of photosynthetic membranes in prokaryotes, they are pumped to the outside of the plasma membrane. This creates a proton gradient which is later used to drive ATP synthesis through ATP synthase. It's important to note that prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria and archaea, carry out vital processes differently from eukaryotic cells due to their simpler cell structure.