Final answer:
Algae are the photosynthetic microorganisms among the options provided. They, along with plants and cyanobacteria, perform photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy to produce food.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the types of microorganisms listed, algae are photosynthetic. Photosynthesis is a process used by photoautotrophs to convert light energy into chemical energy, which they use to produce their own food. Plants, algae, and a specific group of bacteria called cyanobacteria are known to perform photosynthesis. These organisms utilize pigments like chlorophyll (in plants and algae) and phycobilins (in cyanobacteria) to capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy through the synthesis of sugars. This process is central to the sustenance of life on Earth, as it produces oxygen and organic compounds that serve as food for other organisms. In particular, algae can grow over vast areas in aquatic environments, contributing significantly to the oxygenation and productivity of these ecosystems.