Final answer:
Einstein's theory of relativity demonstrates that physics is integral to understanding the universe by explaining gravity and the motion of objects through the curvature of spacetime. It aspires to unify with quantum mechanics, providing insights into both macroscopic and microscopic phenomena, making it fundamental to the study of physics. Option b is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Einstein's theory of relativity illustrates that physics describes fundamental aspects of our universe by offering a framework that is capable of explaining complex phenomena involving gravity, motion at high speeds, and the fabric of spacetime itself. General relativity, for instance, has drastically changed our understanding of gravity from the classical view presented by Newton's laws. By showing that massive objects cause a curvature in spacetime, which in turn affects the motion of other objects, Einstein posited a more comprehensive and accurate model for gravitational interactions.
Furthermore, when considering quantum mechanics and the concept of quantum gravity, efforts to create a unified theory (like the Theory of Everything) herald the potential integration of general relativity with quantum theory, which could allow us to understand and explain objects of all sizes and masses. This is the holy grail of physics—creating a coherent model that encompasses everything from the tiniest particles to the colossal structures of galaxies.
Options a and b from the provided references are the most relevant here. The unified approach of relativistic quantum mechanics is essential for a greater understanding of our universe and refutes the notion that relativity is only applicable to local phenomena or fails to provide a universal description. Einstein's theory, therefore, far from being limited, is pivotal in our quest to understand the cosmos at both micro and macro levels.
The correct option that answers the question 'In what sense does Einstein’s theory of relativity illustrate that physics describes fundamental aspects of our universe?' is b. Physics explains the fundamental aspects of the universe.