Final answer:
Neither Young's modulus nor bulk modulus can have negative values; they describe the linear, elastic properties of solid materials and their resistance to deformation when subjected to stress.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking whether Young's modulus and the bulk modulus can have negative values. The answer to this question is d) Neither can be negative. Young's modulus is a measure of the stiffness of a solid material and defines the relationship between stress (force per unit area) and strain (proportional deformation) in a material. It assumes that the material is being stretched or compressed without acceleration and that it is linear and elastic. The bulk modulus, on the other hand, is a measure of a substance's resistance to uniform compression. A negative value for either modulus would imply that the material behaves nonphysically under stress or strain, which does not occur in real materials. If we imagined a material with a negative bulk modulus, upon squeezing it, instead of contracting, it would expand, which defies physical laws as we understand them. To measure the bulk modulus of a liquid, it would be required to apply uniform pressure and measure the volume change.