Final answer:
Corn (maize) was the edible plant domesticated in the Eastern Woodlands, originating from central Mexico and eventually spreading to this region.
Step-by-step explanation:
The edible plant that was domesticated in the Eastern Woodlands is corn (maize). While rice, wheat, and potatoes are all significant crops in world history, corn is the one that originated in regions close to the Eastern Woodlands. Specifically, corn was first cultivated in central Mexico and spread to other areas, including the Eastern Woodlands. The Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodlands also experimented with plants such as goosefoot, sunflower, and squash before the domestication of corn. Through the process of selecting and planting seeds over generations, these early agriculturalists developed reliable food sources, leading to the domestication of important crops.