Final answer:
The elements S, Cl, O, and F should be arranged in order of increasing electronegativity as S < Cl < O < F, based on their positions in the periodic table.
Step-by-step explanation:
To arrange the elements F, Cl, O, and S in order of increasing electronegativity, one must understand that electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table. With that in mind, sulfur (S) is less electronegative than oxygen (O) because S is below O in the periodic table.
Chlorine (Cl) is less electronegative than fluorine (F) because Cl is to the left of F in the periodic table. However, between O and Cl, O is more electronegative because although both are in the same period, O is to the right of Cl. Hence, the correct order from least to most electronegative is S < Cl < O < F, which corresponds to option (d).