Final answer:
The validity of a model can be limited, while theories and laws are expected to be universally valid.
Step-by-step explanation:
The validity of a model can be limited, it does not have to be universally valid. Models are simplified representations of complex systems or phenomena, and they aim to capture the essential features or behaviors of the system being studied. However, models are not perfect representations of reality and may have limitations or inaccuracies.
In contrast, theories and laws are expected to be universally valid. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence, while a law is a statement that describes a fundamental principle or relationship that is consistently observed in nature.
For example, in physics, the law of gravity describes the fundamental relationship between masses and attraction, and it holds true universally. However, a model of the solar system that assumes perfect circular orbits may be limited because planetary orbits are actually slightly elliptical.