Final answer:
The Neo-Assyrian Empire fell due to military defeats and internal revolts, with key losses to the Babylonians and Medes leading to the sacking of Nineveh and the ultimate dissolution of the empire by 605 BCE.
Step-by-step explanation:
Factors Leading to the Fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
The fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the late seventh century BCE was precipitated primarily by military defeats and internal revolts. Two emerging powers, the Babylonians and the Medes, significantly threatened Assyrian dominance. The once-formidable Assyrian military might and psychological tactics such as deportation and cruel punishments could not stave off the losses they faced against these rising forces. Moreover, internal strife weakened the empire's ability to respond to external pressures effectively.
Significant events marking the decline included the destructive attack on the Assyrian capital, Nineveh, by the Babylonians and the Medes, which led to the death of the Assyrian king. This loss crippled the Assyrians, who managed to hold on for a few more years before ultimately being conquered by 605 BCE. The fractured empire saw its populace carried off into slavery and its territories overtaken by new powers, notably the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
This turbulent period also saw Assyria losing grip over Egypt and struggling with rebellions, including the noteworthy uprising led by Nabopolassar that culminated in the sack of Nineveh. Assyria's efforts to maintain control through fear and subjugation were ultimately insufficient in the face of sustained military campaigns and the desire for autonomy among its vassals.