Final answer:
The Warring States period led to the rise and development of Legalism and Confucianism as rival philosophies (a). Both aimed to provide solutions to the turmoil of the era, with Confucianism focusing on moral virtues and education and Legalism emphasizing strict laws and governance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Warring States period had a significant impact on the development of Confucianism and Legalism. Both philosophies emerged as responses to the chaos and suffering of the time, proposing different solutions for establishing social order and good governance. Confucianism emphasized moral virtues and social obligations, highlighting the role of education and the study of classics. Both philosophies were crucial to the bureaucratic and governmental development of China, and their influence endured well beyond the Warring States period, shaping not only the Qin Dynasty, which adopted Legalism, but also later dynasties that were influenced by Confucian ideals.
During the Warring States period, which bridged the Spring and Autumn period and the eventual unification under the Qin Dynasty, there was a proliferation of philosophical thought known as the Hundred Schools of Thought. The period's intellectual developments significantly shaped the philosophical landscape of China and left an indelible mark on its history.