Final answer:
The monsoons, with their distinct summer and winter seasonal winds, played a crucial role in enabling the transfer of culture between India and Southeast Asia by providing a reliable means of maritime travel and exchange.
Step-by-step explanation:
The climatic condition that supported the transfer of culture between India and Southeast Asia was the monsoons. These seasonal winds facilitated maritime travel by providing consistent wind patterns that enabled navigation and trade across the Indian Ocean. Monsoons occur in a cycle with the summer monsoon, typically from June to September, bringing heavy rains and moist air from the sea onto land. This is followed by the winter monsoon from December to May, which blows in the opposite direction, allowing for a return journey. This cyclic nature allowed traders and missionaries to stay for extended periods in Southeast Asia, sharing cultural, religious, and artistic influences from India before returning to their homeland.