Final answer:
The chemistry questions require knowledge of chemical reactions, stoichiometry, ideal gas law, and thermochemistry to calculate the volume of gases and the enthalpy of reactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question pertains to the chemical reactions of calcium carbide and how such reactions were historically used for illumination, and how they continue to be applied in certain situations. These processes involve the production of acetylene gas and the use of this gas in lamps for lighting purposes.
The student is also asked to perform calculations related to various gas reactions, all of which require an understanding of chemical equations, stoichiometry, ideal gas law, and thermochemistry. To calculate volumes and enthalpies (enthalpy of reaction), a thorough understanding of these concepts is essential.
For instance, calculating the volume of acetylene gas produced from a given amount of calcium carbide involves using the molar mass of calcium carbide to find the number of moles reacted, then applying the ideal gas law to find the volume at specified conditions.
The other calculations listed follow a similar pattern of requiring mole ratios from balanced chemical equations and the ideal gas law or thermochemical data to solve. These problems are fundamental in the study of chemistry and are typical of those encountered in a high school curriculum.