Final answer:
Electrons always have a spin quantum number s of 1/2, and spin magnetic quantum numbers m_s of either +1/2 or -1/2. Other particles have spin quantum numbers that may vary depending on the type of particle, adhering to their own specific quantum mechanical properties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The possible values for the quantum number s (spin quantum number) and ms (spin magnetic quantum number) for an electron are very specific. The value of s for an electron is always 1/2, and the values of ms can either be +1/2 or -1/2. The ms = +1/2 state is commonly known as 'spin up,' while ms = -1/2 is called 'spin down.'
When it comes to other particles, these values can be different. Particles like protons, neutrons, and other types of fermions also have spin, but the values of their spin and magnetic quantum numbers can vary. For example, quarks have a spin quantum number of 1/2, but their ms values are different due to their different flavors and colors. The spin quantum numbers are intrinsic to the particles and play a crucial role in the application of the Pauli exclusion principle.