Question

What is a hydrogen-like atom, and how are the energies and radii of its electron orbits related to those in hydrogen?

a) Hydrogen-like atoms have additional electrons; energies and radii differ.

b) Hydrogen-like atoms are isotopes of hydrogen; energies and radii are identical.

c) Hydrogen-like atoms have the same electron configuration as hydrogen; energies and radii are quantized.

d) Hydrogen-like atoms lack electrons; energies and radii are undefined.

Answer 1

A hydrogen-like atom is an atom that consists of a nucleus with a positive charge and a single electron orbiting around it. The energies and radii of electron orbits in a hydrogen-like atom are quantized and depend on the nuclear charge (Z). As Z increases, the energies increase and the radii decrease.

Step-by-step explanation:

A hydrogen-like atom is an atom that consists of a nucleus with a positive charge and a single electron orbiting around it. It is called hydrogen-like because it has similar properties to hydrogen but with a different nuclear charge. The energies and radii of electron orbits in a hydrogen-like atom are related to those in hydrogen in that they are both quantized, meaning they can only have certain discrete values.

The energy expression for hydrogen-like atoms is a generalization of the energy expression for hydrogen, where the nuclear charge (Z) determines the energy levels. For example, hydrogen has Z=1 and hydrogen-like helium ion (He+) has Z=2. As Z increases, the energies of the electron orbits in a hydrogen-like atom increase.

The radii of electron orbits in a hydrogen-like atom are also related to those in hydrogen, but they depend on the nuclear charge. As Z increases, the electron orbits become closer to the nucleus, leading to smaller radii.