Final answer:
The sequence of colors produced on the right by a glass prism and a diffraction grating, when dispersing white light, is identical, with red being the least and violet being the most refracted or diffracted.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a beam of white light passes through a diffraction grating with vertical lines, the light is dispersed into rainbow colors on both sides of the central maximum. In the case of a diffraction grating, the sequence of colors from the central maximum to higher-order maxima will be from red at the least deflected end to violet at the most deflected end, repeating this order for higher-order spectra.
However, when white light is passed through a glass prism, it is also dispersed into a sequence of colors, known as a spectrum, similar to that seen with a diffraction grating but due to a different phenomenon called dispersion. The sequence of colors produced by the prism and the diffraction grating are the same: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet (ROYGBIV), with red being least and violet being most refracted or diffracted.
Therefore, the sequence of colors produced on the right by the glass prism does compare identically to that produced on the right by a diffraction grating. Thus, the correct answer is: (a) The sequences are identical.