Answer
The correct answer is D. a mutation causing uncontrolled cell division.
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism. While some mutations can be beneficial or neutral, others can be harmful to the organism. In the given options, a mutation causing uncontrolled cell division is harmful because it can lead to the development of cancer.
Uncontrolled cell division means that cells divide and multiply without proper regulation, leading to the formation of a mass of cells called a tumor. This can disrupt the normal functioning of tissues and organs in the body, potentially causing health issues or even death.
In contrast, the other options describe mutations that can be beneficial or have no harmful effects on the organism:
A. A mutation allowing moths to camouflage better on blackened tree bark: This can be beneficial as it helps the moths to blend in with their environment, improving their chances of survival.
B. A mutation making Staphylococcus aureus resistant to the antibiotic methicillin: This can be harmful in the context of antibiotic treatment, as it reduces the effectiveness of the antibiotic in treating the infection. However, it can be advantageous for the bacteria in an environment where the antibiotic is present.
C. A mutation inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from attaching to and entering the cell: This can be beneficial as it helps to prevent HIV infection.
E. A mutation giving plant leaves a bitter taste to discourage herbivores from eating them: This can be beneficial as it helps to protect the plant from being consumed by herbivores.
Overall, while mutations can have various effects, a mutation causing uncontrolled cell division (option D) is generally considered harmful due to its association with the development of cancer
Step-by-step explanation: