Final answer:
Mohism is considered an early form of consequentialism because it prioritizes actions based on their ability to maximize overall good and societal welfare, aligning with the consequentialist approach of assessing actions by their outcomes. The correct option is c. It focused on maximizing overall good.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mohism is considered one of the earliest forms of consequentialism because it focused on maximizing the overall good. Founded by Mozi during the Warring States period in ancient China, Mohism posited that ethical norms should be grounded in what increases overall welfare and that every individual should be treated impartially. The influential text The Mozi explains that the Mohists evaluated behavior according to how it benefited others and that governance should aim to promote social welfare. The morality of an action, according to Mohism, is determined by its consequences, particularly how it impacts the harmony and order of society.
The philosophical approach of consequentialism assesses the rightness of actions based on their outcomes. This stands in contrast to deontological ethics, which focuses on duty and adhering to moral rules, and to virtue ethics, which emphasizes the character and virtues of the individual.
Mohism's focus on benevolence (rèn) and care (ài) and its consideration of actions that promote the general welfare as right clearly demonstrate its consequentialist nature. It presents a form of rational reasoning where the aim is to enhance collective well-being rather than uphold traditional hierarchical norms or divine commandments. Therefore, the correct answer to why Mohism is considered a form of consequentialism is: c. It focused on maximizing the overall good.